{"id":2643,"date":"2026-06-16T11:03:45","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T11:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsprocess.com\/?page_id=2643"},"modified":"2026-06-17T13:26:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T13:26:06","slug":"review_of_welding_methods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ptsprocess.com\/ar\/review_of_welding_methods\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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  • \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/li>
  • \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628)<\/li><\/ul>

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    \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (Shielded Welding)<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    1.\t\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:

    <\/p>

    • \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/li>
    • \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      3.\t\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0633<\/strong> (Flux)<\/strong>. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      4.\t\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/p>

      \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      1- \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>

      \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>

      2- <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0634\u0648 (Filler Rod) \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      1- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646 (TIG \/ GTAW)<\/strong><\/p>

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      2-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643 (MIG \/ GMAW)<\/strong><\/p>

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646) \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 CO\u2082\u00bb. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      3-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 (SMAW)<\/strong>
      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b (Slag)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      4-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 (SAW)<\/strong><\/p>

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 TIG\u061f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO\u2082) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 MIG \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 TIG \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 MIG \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 TIG \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>

      \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO\u2082\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 TIG\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>

      \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:

      <\/p>

      • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

        \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.

        <\/p>

        • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

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          \n\t\t\t\t
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